Research

  • The Clinical Translation of MRI

    This research piece traces the development of MRI from a 1971 rat tumor experiment to FDA approval and mass adoption, examining how competition between lone academics, government funding asymmetries between the US and UK, and the CT market’s timing shaped the technology’s path to the clinic.

  • A History of Amateur Science

    This essay surveys the history of amateur science from Aristotle through citizen science and DIY biohacking collectives, asking whether new technologies and open-science philosophies are creating conditions for amateurs to re-enter the field after a century of marginalization.